Pediatrics:

To truly support a child's development, we must look beyond what is visible-beyond academic performance, behavior, or clinical symptoms-and attune ourselves to the intricate emotional world within. This inner world, rich with imagination, vulnerability, and unspoken needs, is explored through different lenses in Understanding Mental Health Across Educational Contexts: Promoting Wellness in Classrooms (Lindsey Jaber) and The Little Prince (Antoine de Saint-Exupéry). The former provides a research-based framework for fostering mental well-being in schools, emphasizing the role of relationships, emotional safety, and systemic support in shaping a child's psychological health. The latter, a beloved literary classic, offers a poetic interpretation of childhood, loneliness, and the essential nature of human connection, reminding us that what is most important is often unseen. Although one book is grounded in educational psychology and the other in allegorical storytelling, both books highlight a shared truth: children thrive when they feel understood, valued, and emotionally safe. As child psychiatrists, educators, and caregivers, embracing both scientific insight and the wisdom of storytelling can deepen our ability to nurture the inner lives of the children in our care.

CONCLUSIONS: The 8 standard scales demonstrate high accuracy in screening adolescent depression, but challenges persist in selecting scales for different contexts and ensuring their cross-cultural validity.

AIM: To explore factors contributing to the burden of respiratory admissions in children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) by comparing admissions to a single tertiary paediatric hospital before, during, and after the period of social restrictions implemented to reduce transmission of COVID-19 (lockdown period).

Although sensory integration impairment and atypical bodily perception were long-lasting described in youths with psychopathology, the contribution of interoceptive deficits in pediatric mental health problems remains poorly understood. A systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Psycinfo, and reference lists of the included studies was conducted for articles up to November 2024. Attention was paid to distinguishing objective performance on behavioral tests (i.e., interoceptive accuracy, IAc), subjective self-assessment of competence (i.e., interoceptive sensibility, ISe), the congruence level between objective performance and subjective self-assessment (i.e., interoceptive awareness, IAw) and beliefs on interoception (interoceptive metacognition, IMe). The quality of studies was assessed using a modified version of the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Of the 761 citations initially identified, 24 studies were finally included. IAc appeared reduced in youths with neurodevelopmental disorders, with mitigated findings regarding anxiety symptoms. ISe were positively correlated with the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms in pediatric samples. The domain of IMe was particularly impaired among youths with eating disorder symptoms. The review identified few and highly heterogeneous studies. Such preliminary findings support the importance of accounting for different constructs related to interoception and including a trans-nosographical framework of psychopathology to explore these relations.

OBJECTIVE: As children hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are at risk of persistent chest radiograph (CXR) abnormalities and respiratory sequelae, we investigated factors associated with incomplete CXR resolution at 4 weeks and 12 months post-discharge in children from populations at high-risk of chronic lung disease.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the relevance of prioritizing anti-bullying school-based programs to provide a safer school environment, as well as strengthening self-esteem (potential protective factor) in vulnerable individuals to reduce the risk of developing psychosis and minimize the long-term impact of bullying victimization on further mental health conditions.

CONCLUSIONS: Clinician and family participants in narrative medicine training described changes in their perspectives on key clinical activities in complex care. Further research should explore colearning models for pediatricians and families that foster team-based patient- and family-centered care.

No abstract available

CONCLUSIONS: Some pediatric HMPV-associated pneumonias were characterized by lobar or segmental consolidation in CT and the significantly elevated CRP levels, which may mimic Mycoplasma Pneumoniae or bacterial infection. Healthcare providers should consider HMPV as a possible causative pathogen, perform laboratory tests for prompt diagnosis, and limit unnecessary antibiotic treatment.

The evidence to support the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for chronic non-cancer pain in children is limited. In practice, clinicians are often required to establish therapeutic plans using data extrapolated from adult studies, which may not apply to younger patients. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate minimal evidence of benefit for these treatments in children; however, the low quality of studies included in these reviews complicates the conclusions that can be derived from them. In this article, we focus on safety, an outcome as critical as efficacy in clinical trial design but often designated as secondary or even exploratory. Specifically, we examine methods for assessing adverse events in clinical research and propose a practical approach for evaluating these events in everyday practice. Additionally, we outline our strategy to conduct a risk-benefit analysis at the individual patient level, highlighting the importance of using a composite risk-benefit metric rather than assessing these outcomes separately. This approach enables real-time monitoring of both drug-related symptom relief and adverse effects, facilitating clinically meaningful risk-benefit discussions with patients and their families. Finally, we advocate for improvements in clinical trial design for pediatric chronic pain treatments, particularly around adverse events. Future trials should incorporate standardized definitions, comprehensive risk-benefit evaluations, and transparent outcome reporting. Implementing these changes may enhance decision-making by balancing the safety and the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for children and adolescents with chronic pain.

CONCLUSIONS: HBE/LBN phenotype had a higher risk of asthma exacerbations among hospitalized pediatric asthma patients in the winter and autumn, while LBE/LBN phenotype had a lower risk in the winter, spring, and summer.

BACKGROUND: To explore the impact of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on in-hospital outcomes in children hospitalized for asthma exacerbations.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the social epidemiology of sports and extracurricular activities in early adolescents (9-14 years) using a diverse national U.S.

CONCLUSIONS: In this population of infants, 72% were immunized against RSV. Although overall coverage was high, disparities in immunization by race and ethnicity are a call to action.

IMPORTANCE: Prenatal cannabis use continues to increase, and cannabis remains the most commonly used illegal substance in pregnancy. Accumulating evidence suggests potential adverse effects on fetal and neonatal outcomes following cannabis use in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the remission rates after 1 year of treatment between two regimens: tacrolimus (with or without prednisolone) or prednisolone (with or without azathioprine) in children with autoimmune liver disease (AILD).

BACKGROUND: We examined the association between placental epigenetic gestational age (eGA) acceleration and adolescent systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a cohort born extremely preterm.

CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of HBPM may not be sufficient to replace ABPM as a single test. However, HBPM may be a practical alternative when ABPM is not available, particularly when clinic and home BPs are concordant. Future work is needed to determine the best approach to HBPM in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants with very low birth weight are at high risk for long-term neurocognitive deficits. However, whether these neurocognitive deficits are improved or worsened in adolescence remains unclear.

CONCLUSIONS: Reallocating time from LPA or SED to MVPA or SLP significantly improves Total Difficulties and Internalizing Problems in preschool children, even with brief substitutions. However, increasing LPA at the expense of SED or SLP exacerbates Externalizing Problems, especially Conduct Problems and Hyperactivity/Inattention. Interventions should promote MVPA and adequate sleep while considering the critical 30-minute threshold where effects become more pronounced to enhance emotional and behavioral well-being.