Obstetrics and gynecology:

In vitro gametogenesis offers a powerful platform to explore the complexities of female germline development while bypassing ethical and technical barriers in human and non-human primate research. This systematic review examined 23 articles that reported meiotic entry from differentiated pluripotent stem cells or ex vivo-cultured fetal germ cells from humans, cynomolgus monkeys or marmosets and were published between 2009 and 2025. By comparing methodologies and outcomes, the review highlighted current progress and ongoing challenges in inducing meiotic progression in primates. Although complete oogenesis using in vitro gametogenesis has been successfully achieved in mice, extending this success to primates remains a major hurdle, with meiotic entry representing a key milestone toward realizing in vitro gametogenesis in humans.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) including its risk factors and diagnosis; describe a case of CSP managed via robotic-assisted laparoscopic resection; and provide eight tips for minimally invasive surgical management of such cases. Currently, there is no gold standard treatment for CSP. Therefore, treatment options include a wide array of surgical and nonsurgical therapies. The technique described here may be useful to increase the success of minimally invasive surgical management of such cases where future pregnancy is desired, and to avoid complications associated with more invasive surgical management.

BACKGROUND: For breast cancer patients, postoperative lymphedema and upper limb movement disorders are serious complications that absolutely reduce their quality of life (QOL). To evaluate this serious complication, we used "Quick Dash" or "FACT-B", which can assess a patient's physical, social, emotional, and functional health status. To evaluate their breast cancer surgery-related dysfunction correctly, "FACT-B + 4" was created by adding four questions about "arm swelling'' and "tenderness". We have translated it into Japanese according to international translation guidelines.

BACKGROUND: Current evidence indicates that administration of vaginal progesterone to women with a twin gestation and a short cervix reduces the risk of preterm birth occurring at early gestational ages and of neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, the potential long-term effects of prenatal administration of vaginal progesterone for preventing preterm birth on the psychopathological and cognitive profiles of twins remain unknown.

No abstract available

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ILC were more likely to have TMB-H than those with IDC. The findings of this study would be invaluable in selecting treatment strategies for patients with ILC.

BACKGROUND: Considering past research in Europe and the USA, the conditions for medical insurance coverage of BRCA1/2 genetic testing (GT) in Japan have been established as follows: 1. Breast cancer onset at 45 years or younger age; 2. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) onset at 60 years or younger age; 3. Onset of two or more primary breast cancers; 4. Family history of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or pancreatic cancer up to the third degree; 5. Male breast cancer, 6. Ovarian, fallopian, or peritoneal cancers. However, data to determine the importance and extent of each factor in the current conditions are insufficient. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the validity of insurance coverage conditions in Japan, elucidate the relationship between these conditions, and explore the possibility of proposing new indicators.

CONCLUSIONS: Follicle size could predict oocyte developmental competence with corresponding optimal thresholds identified. However, the benefits for embryological fate may plateau at follicle sizes ≥ 15-16 mm once the oocytes achieve maturation or fertilisation.

CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter study presents growth charts for the fetal CC, addressing the critical methodological weaknesses of several previous studies. An even distribution of cases across all gestational weeks, robust statistical methodology and a standardized, high-resolution transvaginal neurosonographic technique represent key factors supporting the reliability of the biometric curves presented here. © 2025 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of relugolix combination therapy in women with uterine fibroids and concomitant ultrasound-diagnosed adenomyosis.

CONCLUSIONS: A synthesis of the existing literature demonstrates no difference in the frequency of cesarean delivery following induction of labor using a high- vs low-dose oxytocin protocol. However, this review highlights the methodological limitations of the few available published studies and the need for high-quality trials to guide optimal oxytocin dosing for labor induction.

CONCLUSIONS: ATP7B is involved in promoting anti-cancer activities of tumor suppressors in BC cells across different subtypes and is considered a prognostic marker for BC.

CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL of AGCT survivors was equal to that of the controls. Mapping EORTC-QLQ-C30 to 15D validly predicted 15D scores in AGCT survivors, confirming the usefulness of generic 15D for estimating quality-adjusted life years in cancer patient trials.

STUDY QUESTION: Are dietary patterns associated with age at menarche after accounting for BMI-for-age (BMIz) and height?

CONCLUSIONS: The use of fresh mTESE sperm for ICSI with either fresh or vitrified oocytes yielded equivalent fertilization and day 3 embryo development rates, assessed on a self-matched, whole population, or 1:2 age-matched comparison between vitrified and fresh oocytes. Low fertilization rates observed with ICSI in this population underscores the importance of obtaining an adequate number of oocytes, whether fresh or vitrified, to optimize pregnancy rates.

CONCLUSIONS: While conclusions within the MAUDE database are limited, especially given the lack of data concerning the volume of surgeries done with each device and the voluntary reporting mechanism, there are significant differences in the types of adverse events reported among operative hysteroscopy instruments. Morcellation AERs had a significantly higher frequency of patient complications and described more surgical interventions compared to AERs for resectoscopes. When comparing MyoSure and TruClear, MyoSure AERs described a significantly greater proportion of serious patient complications compared to TruClear device AERs. Devices with similar functions may differ in how stakeholders report complications.

CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center RCT, the PeliCaN model of on-site doula and midwifery care for NICU parents expedited and enhanced postpartum care. Multicenter trials and implementation science work are urgently needed to establish broader utility and feasibility.

OBJECTIVE: Placental dysfunction can result in small-for-gestational age (SGA) or fetal growth restriction (FGR). The aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the association of the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and other more conventional fetoplacental Doppler indices, circulating placental growth factor (PlGF) levels and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)/PlGF ratio, with specific placental abnormalities in a large cohort of pregnancies with an SGA/FGR fetus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproductive potential of blastocysts designated as chaotic by preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) through re-biopsy and re-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: In this large, multi-institution, cohort study there were no significant differences identified between Stage I HIR dMMR and pMMR endometrioid endometrial cancer populations with regards to recurrence rates or alternate cancer-related outcomes.