The rising threat of predatory journals and paper mills in respiratory medicine and research.

COI Statement

JBS has received pharmaceutical company grants from 2021 to 2025 from Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Linde, and Novartis via Hospital Universitario de La Princesa; participated in speaking activities, advisory committees, and consultancies from 2021 to 2025 sponsored by Air Liquide, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, American College of Chest Physicians, Chiesi, Comité Nacional de Prevención del Tabaquismo (Spanish National Committee for Tobacco Control and Prevention), European Respiratory Society, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Gebro, Grifols, GlaxoSmithKline, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Laminar Pharma, Linde, Lipopharma, Menarini, Mundipharma, Novartis, OMS/WHO, Pfizer, ResApp, Research in Real Life, ROVI, Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (The Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery), Seqirus, WHO EUR, Takeda, and Zambon; and declares they never, directly or indirectly, received any funding from tobacco manufacturers or their affiliates. AR-R declares no competing interests.